The Day I Didnt Have an Abortion :: Personal Narrative Essays

The Day I Didn't Have an Abortion   Have you at any point halted to consider on the delicacy of life? I had consistently underestimated life and never really thought about to how or when my life may end. At that point, in June, I was stirred to the acknowledgment of exactly how insecure the equalization of life and passing can be.   I was as yet a youthful lady of the hour. Jim and I had been hitched for a long time however had been ineffective in kicking a family off. It was anything but a matter of not attempting. In the wake of having encountered two unsuccessful labors and a scene of uterine disease inside those four years, my odds of ever turning into a mother appeared to be so remote as to appear to be incomprehensible. My primary care physicians had just disclosed to me that another pregnancy was not feasible and embedded a circle (a prophylactic gadget that is forever positioned in the opening of the uterus) just to ensure that his requests would be noticed. He needed to forestall any mishaps.   A half year spent and my month to month exams were indicating that there were no new developments and no entanglements. In the mean time, I was caught up with getting over into the working scene as a lesser bookkeeper for a homestead gear seller in our little northern California town. I appreciated the work and the relationship with my associates and our clients assisted with keeping my psyche off my unfulfilled mothering impulses. I ended up mothering my collaborators; offering guidance, listening closely just as making custom made breads, brownies and treats for them.   Before long it was the ideal opportunity for my seventh month test. The specialist experienced his routine examining, liquid checks and addressing. All had all the earmarks of being all together. In any case, a couple of days after the fact, he called to ask that I go to his office. He wouldn't state why, simply that we expected to have a little visit. As I put the telephone back in its support, I was trembling. This must imply that the malignant growth had returned. I felt that I needed to get a hold of myself. On the off chance that it was returning, this soon, at that point my life would have been exceptionally short. There were such huge numbers of things that I had for a long while been itching to see and additionally do.

Marketing plan for the folding table product

In his article How We Listen, Aaron Copland arranges and partitions the listening procedure into three sections: the sexy spot, the expressive plane, and the sheerly melodic plane (1074). I accept by this mechanical detachment, Copland prevails with regards to talking about troublesome subject, so normal that a great many people will in general by pass it. He utilizes similarity and now and again weights on certain circumstance where these planes are manhandled or turn into a reason for an issue. The primary reason for Copland to isolate the listening procedure is for the peruser to learn and concentrate how they tune in. Coplands achievement in the explanation for the most part on account of two strategies: (1) Categorizing the listening procedure in various parts and utilize a similarity to join it to bring back the general thought of the listening procedure and (2) by noting and tending to issues so the perusers will comprehend and have an alternate perspective on the content. Arranging the listening procedure People tune in on the exotic plane for unadulterated amusement. For instance, turning one the radio while accomplishing something different and absentmindedly washes in the sound (1074). Copland keeps discussing the sound stuff (1075) and how authors control it in an unexpected way. Great audience ought to understand that stunning sounding music isn't really incredible music. I think putting the arousing plane before the other two is a decent procedure, since this is the plane the vast majority regularly identifies with. Second plane is the expressive one. Copland presently examines the idea of significance in music. In his view, music has an importance however this significance isn't concrete and now and again it can't be communicated in words. This plane clarifies why we get moved or loose by music. It is increasingly hard to get a handle on and required all the more profound idea since Copland asserts that significance in music ought to be close to a general idea (1076). This issue is extremely philosophical and one must acknowledge the train to comprehend this plane. The following plane arrangements with the control of the notes and offers an increasingly educated methodology in improving melodic appreciation. The real structure of the music as such the length of the note, pitch, concordance, and tone shading are accentuated in this area of the exposition. This fundamental investigation of the structure is an unquestionable requirement to frame a firm establishment in the melodic piece and to comprehend its determination. This specialized and increasingly logical plane is opposing to the philosophical exotic plane. Along these lines, it is another acceptable procedure of Copland to keep in touch with one just after the other to cover the entire listening process. in the wake of clarifying his hypothesis in transit we tune in, Copland utilizes the relationship of a hypothetical play to effectively express the idea. This is one more acceptable strategy utilized by Copland: permitting him to obviously show the interrelating of the three planes. As to perfect audience, Copland says: it could be said, the perfect audience is both inside and outside the music at a similar second, passing judgment on it and appreciating it, wishing it would go one way and watching it go anotheralmost like the arranger right now he forms it; on the grounds that so as to compose his music, the writer should likewise be inside and outside his music, diverted however it but icily disparaging of it. (1078) It is clear that in Coplands see the best methodology comprises of the decent blend of each of the three planes. Noting and tending to issues Copland utilizes the three planes of the listening procedure to check the division of his paper. For extraordinary lucidity, the content is unmistakably composed. He begins with the presentation and handles the erotic plane in the subsequent passage. Numerous individuals may consider what sort of an issue lies in a simply amusement plane. He guarantees that the sexy plane is mishandled by individuals who tunes in to music to get away from the real world, yet still tends to themselves as a decent music darlings. Copland cautions: Yes, the sound intrigue of music is a powerful and crude power, however you should not permit it to usurp an unbalanced portion of your advantage. The erotic plane is a significant one in music, a significant one, however it doesn't comprise the entire story. The comprehension of exotic plane and the realization that there are more planes in the listening procedure is focused. Copland at that point proceeds with the expressive plane, questioning the thought of moronic individuals that music ought to have solid importance. He contends that significance can't be clarified by words and that individuals ought to just be happy with a general idea: feel the music. Moving to the third plane - the sheerly melodic one-Copland discusses music as far as notes. This plane concerns performers and crowd the same. What may turn out badly with the producers of music themselves According to Copland, proficient artists are now and then excessively aware of the notes: They [professional musicians] frequently fall into the mistake of getting so engaged with their arpeggios and staccatos that they overlook the more profound parts of the music they are performing. (1077) From this announcement, I accept that theres a dread of losing the expressive plane, if this difficult triggers. Then again, we have the general crowd. Audience members regularly disregard them. He contends that a decent audience should realize the melodic structure so as to improve the delight in music on this plane.

How Antidepressants Can Affect Weight Loss

How Antidepressants Can Affect Weight Loss Depression Treatment Medication Print How Antidepressants Can Affect Weight Loss Why Wellbutrin or Prozac May Be the Most Sensible Options By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Verywell / Emily Roberts More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide Many people with depression have worked hard to treat their disease. You may attend therapy and take your antidepressants, only to find that the numbers on the scale are moving up and your clothes are not fitting like they used to. While you may feel better emotionally and mentally, you might also feel discouraged by your physical appearance or health. Some of this may be due to the connection between antidepressants and weight gain. It is not a side effect of every medication used to treat depression, and some are more associated with weight loss. However, any side effectâ€"weight includedâ€"depends entirely on how your body reacts to the medication. It is possible that you will notice no change in weight or that you will swing in the opposite direction of whats typical, no matter which medication you take. For some people, the fluctuation in weight is only temporary. Associated With Weight Gain Paxil (paroxetine) Elavil (amitriptyline) Remeron  (mirtazapine) Associated With Weight Loss Prozac (fluoxetine) Wellbutrin (bupropion) Antidepressants and Weight Gain Weight gain while taking an antidepressant is a conundrum that can leave many people scratching their heads, even doctors. If a person gains weight,  its sometimes unknown  if that is due to a side effect of the antidepressant itself. Its entirely possible that the person is simply feeling better and, as a result, eating more. On the flip side, if you have  atypical depression, a subtype of major depressive disorder, weight gain is common. In this instance, with antidepressant treatment, further weight gain may indicate failed treatment or it could be medication-inducedâ€"a tricky, but extremely critical distinction. To further complicate the picture, while many people associate antidepressant use with weight gain, there is actually limited scientific evidence to back this up. Research shows weight gain is mostly linked only to these three antidepressants:?? ?Paxil (paroxetine): a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)  Elavil (amitriptyline): a tricyclic antidepressant  Remeron  (mirtazapine): an atypical antidepressant   Weight gain associated with other antidepressants, if it does occur, is usually  short-lived. In addition, individual factors seem to play a role. In other words, its hard to predict who will  gain weight on certain antidepressants because so many variables are at play. Antidepressants and Weight Loss You may be surprised to learn that there are two antidepressants linked to weight loss. Remember, a link implies a statistical association, so it does not predict individual results. These include: Prozac (fluoxetine)Wellbutrin (bupropion) As an SSRI, Prozac increases the levels of serotonin in the brain and these are generally the first-line treatment for depression. Any weight loss you may experience while taking Prozac may only be temporary and weight gain after the first few months may be possible. Wellbutrin is an atypical antidepressant that doesnt change serotonin levels in the brain. Rather, it uniquely alters other brain chemicals like noradrenaline and dopamine. This is associated not only with weight loss  but also improved sexual functioning.?? This being said,  Wellbutrin may not be appropriate for everyone. This is especially true of people with a history of seizures or an eating disorder like anorexia or bulimia. It could put you at greater risk for having a seizure while using it. Like all antidepressants, Wellbutrin and Prozac carry  a black box warning. This states their potential for increased risk of suicidal thoughts and actions in children, teens, and young adults during the early stages of treatment. Proceeding With an Antidepressant Treating your depression is paramount to your mental health and well-being. Of course, your physical appearance and health are also important, and your doctor would not want weight gain to affect your adherence to your depression therapy. Have a candid discussion with your doctor about depression treatment as there are a lot of options out there. Its important to remember, too, that  weight gain is not inevitable with antidepressant therapy, and if it does occur, its  usually temporary. If you have concerns about weight loss or gain, talk to your doctor about diet and exercise changes you can make as well. By changing a few habits and feeling healthier, you can also improve your emotional and mental health. Often, a combination of medication and a healthy lifestyle is the best treatment plan. There is also the precaution that if you do not have depression, antidepressants are not recommended for weight loss. Studies have found that taking these medications for that purpose has negligible results.?? Theres no proof that it helps anymore with losing weight than diet and exercise alone. A Word From Verywell Treating your depression may  take some patience and resilience on your part as you navigate and find the right plan, but it can be done. You can optimize both your physical and mental healthâ€"in fact, they often feed off one another.

Personal Cultural Family Model. To Acknowledge And Understand

Personal Cultural Family Model To acknowledge and understand the diversity of childrearing beliefs and practices among families, we must first acknowledge and understand our own beliefs and practices. Children are very diverse people who have been raised a specific way and must understand that they are vastly different from others. It is important that â€Å"helping† professionals show their students compassion, support, and understand the many different family and cultural backgrounds. History It is believed that the Moody family originated in Europe and our branch of ancestry migrated to the United States (Texas) quite some time ago. The story of the family history has not been passed down throughout our branch of the family since the people†¦show more content†¦Jordan and Sarah, my other two roommates, grew up about thirty minutes from my hometown in Pearland, Texas and since moving to college have lived together. We all get along well and understand that we grew up from different backgrounds, but if we talk about any issues that arise, we can work out the problems. The hardest thing about moving in with random roommates was assessing the cleanliness of the apartment since I am OCD and expect the common areas in our apartment to be spotless. Values As a child who grew up in what is considered as the â€Å"western† world, my family values children and members to be independent and assertive. From a young age, children in the United States are taught how to talk to others, request needs that they would like to be filled, and comment on situations that they are in. These values are independent since the child can talk for themselves and request anything they may need. Discipline Approaches Growing up in an authoritarian parenting style, my father always had the last say in discipline and we did not have the chance to explain ourselves and try to bargain during the punishment process. The primary disciplines that were used in our household at a young age was timeout and once we reached the age of five or six it transformed to spanking and getting grounded from any technology that weShow MoreRelatedThe Meta Paradigm Of Nursing830 Words   |  4 Pages This concept is important to nursing theory because those four parts are the key areas of focus when it comes to patient care. The use of a conceptual model facilitates communication between nurses and providers a universal approach used for practice, management, education, and nursing research. The worldview in nursing provided the cultural lenses that shape how we see the world, and they give meaning to live, both personally and for humanity as a whole. 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Do You Know How Many Types Of Digital Marketing - 932 Words

Do you know how many types of digital marketing are used in business? Can you name the various examples of digital marketing available in 2017? Would you believe it if I tell you that there are more than five digital marketing tools available? Yes, there are more than five digital marketing tools that can be used in business to reach its customers locally and worldwide. The concept of digital marketing is broad and is the phrase most commonly used today. It brings together all forms of marketing and operating by electronic devices (i.e., on mobile and onscreen). However, digital marketing is used to build awareness and to advertise a brand or goods online using all available digital channels. The following are some of the most popular†¦show more content†¦This develops trust and loyalty with a company while also promoting sales. PPC (pay per click) Pay for Clicks PCP It is known as paid search, a type of digital marketing in which sponsors pay a fee each time one of their ads is clicked. From many types of research done by Google Analytics, paid search is the most clicked advertisement among other types of digital promotion. A paid search is a way of buying visits to a company’s site, and not aiming to get those visits organically. Search engine advertising is a digital marketing method and is the most widespread form of PPC. In this process, paid advertisements are commonly located to the right or above of the ‘organic’ search results. The cost for paid search depends on the competitiveness of the keyword that you are bidding on. In 2016, PPC became critical for a digital marketing tool that is still being used by many companies. This suggests that people do not mind these advertisements, especially if the products and services, which are promoted, fit the customer s needs. 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Biography of Caroll Lewis Free Essays

string(32) " sense of been a Victorian don\." Lewis Caroll had his birth at Daresbury in 27th January of 1832. His death was at Guildford on the January 14th 1898. Down his history as Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, he had been presented among the most prominent persons in the Victorian literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of Caroll Lewis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The question of literate development by Caroll remains unquestionable remains highly volatile. The next question is, was Lewis Caroll a brilliant literate? What epochs did his life went through? He is characterized of various similarities to that of Gerald Hopkins who came later after him. To both the Caroll and Hopkins, their fantasies and poems respectively had their conception allied to the great Victorian era which was compounded by many clergy-men who portrayed broad status of academic, religious, ascetic and restricted livelihoods. Both the works of Caroll and Hopkins had fascinating words. Their writings were influenced by the artistic tools and approach they broadly used which was a broad compound of painstaking amateur of draughts men which led to great audience preoccupations. However, the work of Caroll never got any public knowledge during his life time only until his death where great praises marred his artistic conceptions. (Knowles, Kirstein, 1996, 86) Due to the crafty audience environment, Caroll had pseudonym as his basic refuge. However, until his death, Caroll never got any fame where his original poems remained still unpublished at the epoch of his death. The same publish came only after years till his death. (David, Janel, 2002, 78) Until his death, the Victorian had a revolution which brought diversity in the religious and personal view autonomy which were engineered by the great test as well as the artistic character of the two fallen rhetorical heroes. Accordingly, the poetry work by Hopkins was made for the adults while the fantastic titles by Caroll were made to capture the children. However, his rhetorical life was dominated by nostalgia but his character stood as complexity and originality with a great variance in interest which was a basic tool for off-setting state of recurrent melancholy. Caroll grew by instinction to been a graphic as well as visual artist and could not abandon his will for drawing with regular visits to artillery exhibits as well as artistic studies. However, Caroll paused to photography on realizing that he presumably lacked professionalism in art. Historically, he became a proactive children photographer. Till his pseudonym, he derived transposition of his names which included his first name Charles Lutwidge then Ruskin, George, Holman Hunt, Tennyson, MacDonald and others. He sparred across interests in medicine, photography, art, literature and religion. He even became a deacon at twenty-nine in England. He viewed the broad aspect of life as a big puzzle. This compelled his character of even solving puzzles in logics and mathematics perhaps a descent preoccupation than any other achievement. He achieved a great success in mathematics which is believed as a basic element in preserving his literacy achievement in literature. According to historical analysts, his divine tool of logics and also mathematics was unpopular for anyone like him who compelled such great humor, loved children, an artist and a lover of language. (David, Janel, 2002, 68) However, his bright fantastic glow was provided by the support of science as well as his analytical mind. These two paradoxes went through shaping above the refinement until forming an inimitable crystal of rhetoric. During his mathematical lectures in 1855 at the Christ church, his character provided lack of communicating abilities for a mass class. This provided un-inspiration and also dullness in the due process of giving lectures. This provided development that his fatal contribution to Oxford would only be in publications and the research areas. Here, he consistently made contributions in mathematics and also logics. Historically, the books and articles by Caroll provided profound enjoyment and knowledge to the people. However after his death, a spontaneous period of slackened public interest came in. His broad audience submerged this in a sphere doubt. At the outbreak of the first word war in 1914, many readers were now turning back to Caroll’s work. This led to booming sales of Caroll’s editions until 1928 where maximum sales were reached. Greatly, ‘Alice Adventure in Wonderland’ attracted many buyers which included 15400 pounds by Dr. Rosenbach for its original manuscript at Sotheby. In 1948. This manuscript was finally brought in British Museum after a series of sales between people. However, this entitlement at British Museum was only a sign of appreciation for the long trailing Great Britain’s contribution in the Second World War. . (Weldon, 1987, 93) Historically, the manuscript embraced great respect above various tributes in passive memory of Caroll in the memory of Caroll’s birthdays. Such respect played an important role in providing him an unequivocal place among the excellent persons. Since then, many scholars and journalists have respectively quoted his work. Elsewhere, his long enduring character is a mythological drive and folklore to many nations. To many Englishmen, two of his works, ‘Ugly Duchess’ and also ‘The Mad Hatter’ have become indispensable. (http://www. insite. com. br/rodrigo/text/lewis_carroll. html) According to personal commendations by his audience, Lewis Caroll exemplified un-piestic status of childhood handling which was in a new form. Across the glance by readers, they have characterized his work as moralizing and edifying found with fantasy, which was roadmap for witnessing the virtues allied to innocence. He portrayed his work to be a plane of unified use of common sense for all which was strengthened by the broad array in patronage of divine dignity as well as coverage to the children. (Shimpley, 1931, 68) Above writing for children, Caroll published various books on mathematics and also logics. Through such publications, many scholars described him as vigilant of split personality which compounded pedantic mathematician as well as a prim literate. However, this was a pseudonym refuge in which he only wanted to deliver out his creativity in fanciful manner. However, this publications were cited as a concrete description of his spearheaded sense of been a Victorian don. You read "Biography of Caroll Lewis" in category "Papers" However, a comparative analogy in the outlook provided by the, ‘The Young Vistors’ as well as the ‘Alice in Wonderland’ provide Caroll with a full contemplation of innocence which seems to be drawn away by the fatal accusations by many of his readers. (Esther, Day, 2004, 124) Caroll got his descent from two families from North Country in Daresbury. He inherited Dodgsons which was a tradition behind church services well as Lutwidges which was state service tradition. His father was called Charles Dodgson. Therefore from the spatiality of these two descents, Caroll developed his gentle character. Therefore, the parental fantasies in which he got his upbringing played a significant role in his broad rhetorical mobility. According to the Alice in Wonderland, Caroll did sending of a lizard down from a chimney as well as putting the Dormouse to a teapot. This was a clear refinement of his nonsense to a highly advocating and sensitive art. In the article, the element allied to ruthlessness was conspicuously brought out which perhaps had its inherit from the father. Elsewhere, since his childhood, Caroll life depicted a parallel life. In 1843, his family moved to the Croft Rectory in Darlington. At his new family setup, Caroll became a controversial entertainer to his family members with games, poems as well as stories. Also, he made humorous drawings and illustrated magazines. Historically, one of his childhood poetry at thirteen years contained various anticipations of mouse tail in the Alice as well as Humpty Dumpty. (Esther, Day, 2004, 127) In his writing, Caroll had a long perceived and subconscious intention of escaping into Wonderland. However, he was handicapped by stammer but was since then an active and a happy child. In his early childhood work when twelve years, experts have stood to acknowledge the sigh of outstanding sense of maturity, sensitivity as a well as tenderness. At his youthful development, Caroll was however disturbed by fundamental conceptions. He had a premature advancement and was a victim of proportionality at his adolescence. However, at age of twenty-one years, Caroll stood to been a good writer after graduating from Oxford. (http://www. ourcivilisation. com/smartboard/shop/hudsond/carroll/index. htm) However in 1865, Caroll published Alice Adventure in Wonderland which was an unexpected artistic inspiration. Since this advancement in 1865, Caroll went across to a cutting age of revolution in the world of literature by writing many articles such as magazines, manuscripts and books. He also composed many humiliating poems. This included the Rectory Umbrella, Through the Looking-Glass, Mischmash, above others. He developed an outstanding prologue into writing which attracted many people. His name was praised before getting a diverse attraction to speak to people in the theatres. During the rhetorical revolution in his life, Caroll was in an establishment of raconteur character-hood as well as been a humorous freelance journalist in which he appeared in Whitby Gazette. This time was an important time in which he began speculating is literature to the society providing attractive impressions through whimsical intimations. This was however a long trailing character since his childhood. (Shimpley, 1931, 98) At the age of twenty-three in 1855, he used an attractive package of rhetorical knowledge in writing a poem which has even hit the current state of literature. Currently, this poem (four stanza’s) has been preoccupied in the poem ‘Jabber- Wocky’ by the Roger Landyn. In 1856, he channeled his efforts in writing, ‘ The Train’ which was a noble poem which even attracted a great audience support. From his writing in ‘Alice in Wonderland’, Caroll got the stepping-stone for a wide support for fantasy and also experience which invited him to exploiting widely the field of literature. Since then, Caroll’s work has been bound into volumes of books and manuscript productions. His work also comprehends of many romantic poems. However across the board, Caroll’s poetry and literature work was pointed to the young children who got a lot of glamour and influence from the highly attractive and convincing sense of audience attraction. However, his attribute of love for adult audience is not fully glamoured. However, some respondents provide that he was once drawn to this phenomenon such as Hellen Terry. Indeed, to a personal conception, Caroll never revealed his love for such adult audience and was always rebuked to any sense of attraction to such audience. Since his childhood, Caroll took refuge of women from anticipating the young girls which provided a passive compensation from the lure of women friendship. Though these were little children, he made to escape the desire for sex. He intimately secured intimate satisfaction from such an association with the young children. (Shimpley, 1931, 57) According to rhetorical history, Lewis Caroll carried down work of art at such a point which is presumably highest in the industry of art. They describe his work as the most touching perhaps beyond any other artistic work. Either, the work of Edward Lear has also been pinpointed to exactly compound the great threshold of conviction which was brought by Caroll. Wonder has continued to strike the thoughts of people whether it was by accident that the two produced the most attractive work despite them been Englishmen. According to the views of rhetorical analysts, foreign English explores should only explore the sense of humor and English character-hood provided by the efforts of Lewis Caroll immediately after that of Shakespeare. Due to the great sigh of humor compounding his work, great interpretations of his publications have attracted a conventional accord in the word for the last thirty years. (http://www. ourcivilisation. com/smartboard/shop/hudsond/carroll/index. htm) Basically, the crucial precepts of his nonsense writing were a tool for attracting the children audience. In the ‘Alice in Wonderland’, he subjectively used drawings to passively ignite a feeling of attraction for the young children who would consistently be attracted to the piece of drawing within the book. From its autobiography, Alice in Wonderland was evident of parochial illusions which was a method to attract at a greater capacity the will of the children. At any immediate read out to the ‘Alice in Wonderland’, the first impression is an illusion that brings attraction to them. This is through the rhetorical fantasy in which he has used as a tool of theme control in his works. Generally, the prototyped figures of turtles, the giants, caterpillars and other basic jokes are only made to provide him with an elaborated gesture of attraction to the children. (Weldon, 1987, 78) His artistic work is a compound of great concealment which has also limpid prose that is uniquely understood by ease to the children. His work is a tool for entertainment and subconsciously create room for knowledge support to the young growing children. Evident from his work, the children are highly attracted and motivated in internalizing and reading his work. This is through his fundamental arrangement of articles to provide understandability and importance of the global arrangement of the words in books and manuscripts. Summarily therefore, a lot of attribute can be internalized to the efforts of Caroll to building coherent artistic tool as a basis of developing knowledge in the early days of knowledge search. He is remarkably echoed as a strong icon in providing support for the provision of entertainment and the intend of knowledge buildup. Work cited A Biography of Lewis Caroll. Reteived on 11th March 2007 fom http://www. ourcivilisation. com/smartboard/shop/hudsond/carroll/index. htm David Loewenstein Janel Mueller. The Cambridge History of early Modern English Literature. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002 Eisner Elliot Day Michael. Handbook of Research and Policy in Art Education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence and Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Knowles, M Kirstein M. Language and Control in Children Literature. London, Routledge, 1996 Lewis Caroll Biography. Reteived on 11th March 2007 fom, http://www. insite. com. br/rodrigo/text/lewis_carroll. html Shipley Joseph. The Quest for Literature: A survey of Literacy Criticism and the Theories of the Literacy Forms. Richard Smith, 1931 Weldon Durham. American Theatre Companies, 1888-193 How to cite Biography of Caroll Lewis, Papers

Journal summary free essay sample

Organizational Assessment : Effectiveness vs. Efficiency This journal is being chosen related to the Organizational Theory, Design and Change for chapter 1 about the Organization Effectiveness. i. What was the aim of the study? An organization had its own goals and mission. There were many ways that could be implement in order to make sure that the organization will achieves whether it short or long term goal. The term effectiveness and efficiency was always being the indicator of the organization performance. This study will determine the differentiation, features, proximities or values of the effectiveness and efficiency. There were some people believe that there is no difference between effectiveness and efficiency, but according to Mouzas (2006), each of these terms have their own distinct meanings. ii. Model that being used in this study. As stated in the chapter 1, under â€Å"How Does an Organization Create Value? † there is value creation. Value creation takes places at three stages which are input, conversion and output. We will write a custom essay sample on Journal summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To differentiate the meaning of effectiveness and efficiency, the authors of this study has adapted a model from Frey and Widmer (2009) regarding effectiveness and efficiency. Figure 1 Chain of effects Based on Figure 1, we can see that efficiency information provides different data compared to effectiveness. As we can see, under the effectiveness it concern about output, outcome and impact. It measures the on how the organization will achieve their goals or the way outputs interact with the economic and social environment. For the efficiency aspect we can see it concern about the input and output. According to (Low, 2000), the efficiency will measure on how successfully the inputs have been transformed into outputs. iii. What is the result of the study? This study was using the obstructive measure approach where the authors had collected finding from other resources. In order to come out with conclusion, they had gathered many findings related to the effectiveness and efficiency. They highlighted few points such as the meaning, differences, characteristics, and how it will be dependence toward each other. According to the study by Pinprayong and Seingthai (2012), they suggest that return on assets (ROA) is suitable measure of overall company performance, since it reveals how profitable organizations assets are in making revenues. Total assets turnover will measure the ability of a company to use it assets to efficiency generate sales; therefore it can be treated as effectiveness. As conclusion, they had come out with formula of: Organizational performance = effectiveness x efficiency; iv. Limitations In some cases effectiveness concept is being used to reflect overall performance of the organization, since it is a broader concept compared to the efficiency. It gets challenging to explore the efficiency factor if it is included under effectiveness assessment v. Conclusion The characteristics of effectiveness and efficiency Figure 1. 1 shows that the organizations cannot survive without effectiveness policy. Even though the organization is an inefficient but effective, organization still have a chances to survive. Usually, organization that in high effectiveness and high efficiency are well known as high performance entities. Effectiveness is a much broader perspectives, which touch about quality, value, satisfactions, output and environments. Efficiency is on how well the input was transformed into output. Effectiveness and efficiency, they influence each other. In order to achieve all the organizations goals and had an excellence in competitive performance, organizations should find way on increasing the efficiency and effectives evenly. 2. Impact of Employee Adaptability to Change Towards Organizational Competitive Advantage This journal is being chosen related to the Organizational Theory, Design and Change for chapter 4 about the Basic Challenges of Organizational Design i. What was the aim of the study? A change in the most understandable way is the moving process from one point to another. It’s not a must to do things for an organization, but in order to make sure the organization in can compete and achieve the better performance, changes should be made. Although changing is the good things to do, but it have own limitations and it cannot easily made, so that why this study had being conducted. The purpose of this study is to know how the competitive advantages have the significant effect on training and development, empowerment and maintaining in the organization. It is stated in this study, that their aim is to identify and to discuss the reasons why employees didn’t easily adapt the changes than those eager to adapt the change in any case. ii. Model that being used in this study. There were three variables that being used for this study which are training and development, empowerment and culture. These variables will tested in order to know the relationship of the variables towards the employee adaptability to change which is a moderator and competitive advantage being a dependent variable. iii. What is the result of the study? Before come out with a conclusion, data must be collected and analyze. For this study they had distributed 80 questionnaires towards employees within service sector organizations and others. On the basis of the data conducted from the person engage in the executive, supervisors and staff position. Table 2. 1 Descriptive Analysis The findings were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Based on the result gathered by questionnaires, the authors will use the correlation of the statistical interference in order to identify the hypothesis had being developed this study and relationship between the discussed variables. Above we can conclude that training development is good for the employee to adapt the change and organizations leads it competitive advantage. For the empowerment, they score greater mean that training development which is good to the employee. Lastly, from the table its show that good culture has influence on the organizational competitive advantage. iv. Conclusion In order to make an organization competence, they should a changing process toward the better environments. But, changes are not easily made. They will be some people that against on the changing process. That is why, the adaptability is important. As being stated in this study, employee adaptability is more dependent on the parallel activities that preceded along with the others activities in the organization and these activities helps the employee to perform more enthusiastically and impatient to demeanor any challenge or adapt any change whatever it will be. 3. Organizational Culture and Its Themes This journal is being chosen related to the Organizational Theory, Design and Change for chapter 7 about Creating and Managing Organizational Culture. i. What was the aim of the study? Organizational culture is a about sharing value and norms that will help on controlling organizational members interactions within each other and with people outside the organization. As written in this journal, culture within an organization acts as a critical role in the organizations everyday operations. In order to validate this statement, a study about an organizational culture had being conducted. The purpose of this study is to know in deeper what is an organizational culture, models related, themes and the importance toward an organization. ii. Model that being used in this study. As being stated earlier, organization culture can be described as a set of theory consist of values, beliefs, and understanding that members share in common. It also helps in the ways of thinking that could help while making decision. From the perspective of Andrew Brown (1995, 1998), the organization culture: â€Å"Refers to the patters of beliefs, values and learned ways of coping with experience that have developed during the course of an organization’s history, and which tend to manifested in its material arrangements and in the behaviors of its members†. One of those models that being adapted in this study is the Onion Diagrams, by Hofstede. He was dividing culture into four layers which consist of symbols, heroes, ritual and values. Figure 3. 1 Onion Diagram Based on the Figure 3. 1 above, the core level in the culture level is value; values are intimately connected with moral and ethical codes which determine what people ought to be done. The second level is rituals, which is describing the collective activities that considered essential. The next level is heroes. According to Deal and Kennedy (1982), hero is a great motivator; heroes are also persons who possess characteristic which are highly prized. Symbols are the most overt element of culture and are the gestures, objects, words or acts that signify something different or wider from the others, and which have meaning for individual or group. iii. The importance of this study In order to have a rapid organization development, organization culture can be used as a tool to help the organization reach success. It also can be a management tool, which managers can use some values to control and direct employee behavior. In addition, the importance of the organization culture toward the development of an organization seconded with statement from Campbell and Stonehouse (1999) said: â€Å"Culture can also have influence on; employee motivation; employee morale and ‘good will’; productivity and efficiency; the quality of work; innovation and creativity and the attitude of employees in the workplace†. iv. Conclusion As stated in this study, they highlighted that in order to achieve a successful culture, managers shouldn’t ignore organizational culture and its themes, because culture can be used as a competitive advantage during organizational development, and a strong culture (one in which beliefs and values are widely shared and strongly held) can also offer many advantages, such as cooperation, control, communication or commitment. 4. Re conceptualizing Organizational Role Theory for Contemporary Organizational Contexts i. Aim and introduction of the study. The purpose of this study is to know deeper regarding the organizational role theory and to identify what are the issues related to the organizational theory that will limit it usage. In this study, they were several issue that being listed out regarding organizational theory. Based on Katz and Kahn (1966) state that the assignment of work-roles prescribes the behavior of employees are expected to comply, so that they are able to perform their speci? ed tasks and duties effectively. He also mentions that organizational role theory (ORT) is help to de? ne a â€Å"role-set† for the individual, employee and determine the speci? c role-behaviors the employee. Beside that according to According to Biddle (1986), George (1993), and Smithson and Stokoe (2005), the diminishing usefulness of classical ORT can be traced to three part. There are the limitations in its role-taking, role-consensus and role-con? ict assumptions. The theoretical issues discussed indicate about the development of ORT has failed to keep the change in the organizational context. Data Collections This research consists of two-stage qualitative data gathering process. The ? rst stage included the questionnaire-survey to a sample of employees and the second stage data collection process to collect the data required to answer the second research question. The uses of semi-structured interview allowed the researcher to strengthen the investigation. The respondent reported that charity, education, social are the important impact on their working life. iii. Result Summary To simplify the results for this study it can be divided into two summaries: Research Summary 1 Although the research findings supported the relevance of the â€Å"work-family/work-life balance† literature to ORT, there was evidence that at least four other categories of non-work roles needed to be considered for the effective management of human resources. In terms of work-roles, academics and practitioners must remain aware of the work-roles currently recognized by classical ORT. In terms of work-family roles, they need to recognize the specific impacts of the work-family interface, and become aware of the limitations of â€Å"family-friendly† practices that serve only to enable workers to spend more time at work Research Summary 2 There were two things that will be highlighted in these summaries. First, the recognition that employees (both actual and potential) are multi-faceted is incorporated into the model in three important ways. In the pre-employment phase, the model now requires the employer to attain a level of understanding of the potential employee’s family and non-family roles that they need to enact for their self-validation, self-recognition and overall wellbeing. In the initial employment phase, it requires that employers consider the interaction between the most important non-work-roles (as identified by the employee) and the work-roles to be bestowed on them. iv. Conclusion Finally it can conclude that, this research suggest the employees perceived had a signi? cant impact on their working-life. ORT needs to incorporate for an effective HR policy framework. It also recommends that further investigation into ORT’s role in the workplace and further exploration. 5. Organization Theory and Methodology This is a summary of the article â€Å"Organization Theory and Methodology† by Michael C. Jensen in Harvard Business School. In this research the researcher find the relation between positive and normative theories, the importance to the research effort of the choice of tautologies and definitions, the nature of evidence, and the role of mathematics. The author mentions that, the major reason for the early successes of operations research and its later failure can be traced to the nature of the theories. In addition, According to Alchian (1950), organization need not assume that agents are engaged in purposeful activity for the models to work. Besides that, Hayek (1979) emphasizes most of the complex phenomena that make up human culture were never consciously invented by any individual and much of human culture is still not well understood. Furthermore, there is evidence in Chandler’s (1962), work that the organizational innovations that led to the large, integrated, multi-divisional firms in the early 1900’s were accompanied by substantial innovations in accounting practices. Moreover, the behavior of the organization is the equilibrium behavior which made up of maximizing agents with diverse and conflicting. The Construction of a theory of organizations involves creating a theory that describes the equilibrium behavior of these complex contractual systems where the individual agent is the elementary unit of analysis. On the other hand, the choice of tautologies or definitions has a large impact on the success or failure of research efforts. As a conclusion, the researcher says that the competition in research is an important element for innovation and makes progress at product markets. He also mention that, ideal process described about the important aspects of the environment, monitoring and bonding technology that derive a theory that is consistent with those contracts.